Uses, Dosage & Side Effects - Stanozolol

Stanozolol: A man-made synthetic steroid.

What is stanozolol?

Stanozolol is a man-made synthetic steroid that is derived from testosterone and has anabolic and androgenic properties. It first came on the market in 1962. Over time, the marketing and labeling of stanozolol have been altered due to FDA requirements and changes in the drug market. In 2010, it was withdrawn from the U.S. market. It is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance under federal regulation under the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 and the updated Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014.

Stanozolol can be administered orally or intramuscularly. Some of its therapeutic uses include the treatment of aplastic anemia and hereditary angioedema. It has also been indicated as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of various other medical conditions such as vascular disorders and growth failure. Side effects of stanozolol include those commonly associated with anabolic steroids such as menstrual irregularities, acne, atrophy of the breasts in women, and impotence, testicular atrophy, prostatic hypertrophy in men. Risks of heart attacks, strokes, liver damage, and psychiatric disturbances could occur in both sexes.

Stanozolol is used in the treatment of hereditary angioedema, which causes episodes of swelling of the face, extremities, genitals, bowel wall, and throat. Stanozolol may decrease the frequency and severity of these attacks.

Stanozolol reduces bradykinin production and could potentially reduce the impact of a bradykinin storm. Bradykinin storms may be responsible for some of the complications experienced by COVID-19 patients.

The drug was first banned in sport by the International Olympic Committee and the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) in 1974. Its notable mark on sports history came in 1988 when Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson tested positive for stanozolol at the Olympic Games and was stripped of his gold medal in the 100 meters.

Stanozolol is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency and included on the Prohibited List under Anabolic Agents as a substance that is not permitted at all times. Urinary metabolites of stanozolol can be detected by methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Under the 2015 World Anti-Doping Code, Olympic and Paralympic athletes who test positive for stanozolol could potentially face a four-year ban from the sport for an intentional violation.

Athletes are responsible for what they put in their bodies. Dietary supplements and other products can be mislabeled to incorrectly represent the ingredients contained therein. In the past, investigations of some nutritional supplements have shown that they contained prohibited substances, including anabolic steroids such as stanozolol. These anabolic steroids were not explicitly declared by the manufacturer on the supplement product label. Multivitamin products have also been shown to be cross-contaminated with anabolic steroids such as stanozolol. Consumption of cross-contaminated multivitamins could lead to inadvertent positive tests and hence athletes should be aware of the substances they are consuming at all times.

USADA’s Supplement 411 website can help athletes make informed decisions to realize, recognize, and reduce their risks when it comes to taking dietary supplements.

Abstract about stanozolol?

Anabolic agents are doping substances that are commonly used in sports. Stanozolol, a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone, has widespread use among athletes and bodybuilders. Several medical and behavioral adverse effects are associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse, while the liver remains the most well-recognized target organ. In the present study, the hepatic effects of stanozolol administration in rats at high doses resembling those used for doping purposes were investigated, in the presence or absence of exercise. Stanozolol and its metabolites, 16-β-hydroxystanozolol and 3′-hydroxystanozolol, were detected in rat livers using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Telomerase activity, which is involved in cellular aging and tumorigenesis, was detected by examining telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression levels in the livers of stanozolol-treated rats. Stanozolol induced telomerase activity at the molecular level in the liver tissue of rats and exercise reversed this induction, reflecting possible premature liver tissue aging. PTEN gene expression in the rat livers was practically unaffected either by exercise or by stanozolol administration.

Keywords:- stanozolol, phosphatase and tensin homolog, telomerase reverse transcriptase, telomerase activity, 16-β-hydroxystanozolol, 3′-hydroxystanozolol

Introduction Of stanozolol?

Stanozolol is a performance-enhancing anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS). Among all AASs, stanozolol is one of the most frequently abused steroids by professional athletes and young adults to ameliorate physical appearance and performance. Stanozolol is a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone with anabolic and high androgenic properties and its use is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA).

In the past, AASs were used only by elite athletes and bodybuilders for doping purposes. However, nowadays even young adults are abusing AASs at supraphysiological doses to improve physical appearance. Stanozolol has been reported to be one of the most commonly abused AASand it is responsible for several medical and behavioral adverse effects, being a recognized risk factor for liver diseases, both in experimental animals and in human beings. Stanozolol is extensively biotransformed by enzymatic pathways in the liver. The major metabolites of stanozolol have been reported to be 3′-hydroxystanozolol, 4-β-hydroxystanozolol, and 16-β-hydroxystanozolol. In general, AASs exert their effects through several different mechanisms, such as by modulating androgen receptor expression. Liver-related adverse effects are more commonly associated with the 17α-alkyl derivatives of AASs and have been reported to be unrelated to unrelated the route of administration. However, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.

Telomeres are heterochromatin nucleoproteins This study aimed to involve several basic biological functions. It is known that telomeres play a key role in the formation and progression of up to 90% of malignancies. Telomerase activity plays a key role in cellular aging and tumorigenesis. Increased telomerase activity is detected in the majority of human cancers. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein responsible for maintaining telomere length. The core of telomerase has two components: Catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TERC).

The TERT mRNA expression level has been studied as a biomarker, as it has been demonstrated to be the rate-limiting determinant of telomerase activity in various malignancies. The phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN) gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein with phosphatase activity. It has been reported that PTEN has a loss of heterozygosity frequency incidence in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of up to 33%. PTEN is involved in the downregulation of telomerase activity via TERT activity regulation. PTEN is a negative regulator protein of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway of the cell survival regulatory mechanism and induces cellular apoptosis. PTEN prevents the activation of AKT via the de-phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The suppression of PTEN is associated with oncogenic activity in the cell.

The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, at least to the best of our knowledge, the role of telomerase in stanozolol-induced hepatotoxicity by examining the correlation between telomerase activity and PTEN-TERT gene expression levels. The bioaccumulation of stanozolol and its two primary metabolites (3′-hydroxystanozolol and 16-β-hydroxystanozolol) in the liver tissue was also examined, as well as its association with telomerase activity.

Stanozolol, sold under many brand names, is an androgen and anabolic steroid medication derived from dihydrotestosterone. It is used to treat hereditary angioedema.

• Formula:- C21H32N2O.
• Melting point:- 242 °C.
• Duration of action:- IM: >1 week.
• Molar mass:- 328.500 g·mol−1.
• Metabolism:- Liver.
• Bioavailability:- High.
• Elimination half-life:- Oral: 9 hours; IM: 24 hours (aq. susp.).

Warnings About Stanozolol

In rare cases, serious and even fatal cases of liver problems have developed during treatment with stanozolol. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience abdominal pain, light-colored stools, dark-colored urine, unusual fatigue, nausea or vomiting, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. These may be early signs of liver problems.

Before taking this medicine. Do not take stanozolol without first talking to your doctor if you have.

• Prostate cancer.
• Breast cancer.
• A high level of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).
• To make sure stanozolol is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:
• Heart or blood vessel disease.
• A heart attack.
• A high level of cholesterol in the blood.
• Bleeding or blood clotting problems.
• Diabetes.
• Liver problems.
• Kidney problems.
• If you have taken an oral anticoagulant (blood thinner).

You may not be able to take stanozolol, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment.

Stanozolol is known to cause birth defects in an unborn baby. Do not take this medication if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment.

It is not known whether stanozolol passes into breast milk. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breastfeeding a baby.

How should I take stanozolol?

Take stanozolol exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain them to you.

• Take this medicine with a full glass of water.
• Stanozolol can be taken with or without food.
• It is important to take this medicine regularly to get the most benefit.
• Your doctor may want you to have blood tests or other medical evaluations during treatment with this medicine to monitor progress and side effects.
• Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and direct light.

Dosing information of Stanozolol Tablet.

Initial dose:- 2 mg orally 3 times a day.

Dose Adjustments:- Decrease dose at intervals of 1 to 3 months to a maintenance dose of 2 mg/day.

Usual Adult Dose for Angioedema:- Prophylactic use to decrease frequency and severity of attacks of hereditary angioedema.

What happens If  I miss a dose of Stanozolol Tablet?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed, and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose on Stanozolol Tablet?

An overdose of this medication is unlikely to threaten life. Contact an emergency room or poison control center for advice if an overdose is suspected. Symptoms of a stanozolol overdose are not known.

What to avoid With Stanozolol Tablet.

There are no restrictions on food, beverages, or activities while taking stanozolol unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

What Are The side effects of Stanozolol Tablet?

In rare cases, serious and even fatal cases of liver problems have developed during treatment with stanozolol. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience abdominal pain, light-colored stools, dark-colored urine, unusual fatigue, nausea or vomiting, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. These may be early signs of liver problems.

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:

• an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, or hive).
• swelling of the arms or legs (especially ankles).
• frequent or persistent erections, or breast tenderness or enlargement (male patients).
• voice changes (hoarseness, deepening), hair loss, facial hair growth, clitoral enlargement, or menstrual irregularities (female patients).

Common stanozolol side effects may include:

• new or worsening acne.
• difficulty sleeping.
• headache.
• changes in sexual desire.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect stanozolol?

Before taking stanozolol, talk to your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:

• An anticoagulant (blood thinner) such as warfarin (Coumadin).
• Insulin or an oral diabetes medicine such as glipizide (Glucotrol).
• Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase).
• Glimepiride (Amaryl).
• Chlorpropamide (Diabinese).
• Acetohexamide (Dymelor).
• Tolbutamide (Orinase).
• Tolazamide (Tolinase) and others.

You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with stanozolol. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

What does my medication look like?

Stanozolol is available with a prescription under the brand name Winstrol. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.

Winstrol 2 mg-pink, round tablets

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.